Postpartum Depression and Anxiety: Finding Support During Pregnancy & Beyond
Why Postpartum Mental Health Matters
Pregnancy changes everything—your schedule, your sleep, and sometimes your mood. Postpartum mental health is a crucial part of overall health, and about 1 in 8 new mothers experience depressive symptoms after childbirth. This isn’t a character flaw; it’s a common, treatable medical condition. If you’re struggling, know that help is close by here in Baltimore. Addressing postpartum mental health is important not only for mothers but also for the baby's health.
What Are Perinatal Mood & Anxiety Disorders (PMADs)?
The perinatal period spans pregnancy through the first 12 months postpartum. During this window, some parents develop Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders, or PMADs, and may develop postpartum depression as one of the most common outcomes. PMADs are a group of mental disorders that can occur during the perinatal period. These include:
Depression (persistent sadness, loss of interest, guilt), also known as peripartum depression or postpartum depression
Anxiety and panic attacks (racing thoughts, shortness of breath)
Obsessive–Compulsive symptoms (intrusive, disturbing thoughts)
Post‑traumatic stress tied to childbirth complications
Bipolar disorder or, rarely, postpartum psychosis
Left untreated, PMADs can affect bonding, sleep, and even long‑term child development. These conditions are serious mental illnesses that require attention. The good news? Early screening and evidence‑based care make a big difference. Learn more in this NIMH overview of perinatal depression.
Postpartum Depression: More Than the “Baby Blues”
Feeling tearful in the first week or two is common—that’s the baby blues, and it usually fades on its own. Postpartum depression (PPD) lasts longer and feels heavier. The signs and symptoms of postpartum depression include:
Depressed mood most of the day
Loss of pleasure in favorite activities
Changes in appetite, sleep, or energy
Irritability or unexplained anger
Thoughts of harming yourself or feeling your baby might be better off without you
When these symptoms meet certain criteria, postpartum depression is classified as a major depressive episode.
Hormonal shifts, past mental‑health history, birth complications, and a lack of social support are each a risk factor for developing postpartum depression. These risk factors also contribute to maternal depression more broadly. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends routine depression screening because early treatment works—see their full postpartum depression guidelines.
Global perspective: The World Health Organization reports that up to 13 percent of women worldwide face depression after giving birth—highlighting that PMADs cross cultures and income levels.
Ready for relief? In the next section, we’ll look closely at postpartum anxiety and how pregnancy counseling can set you up for a healthier fourth trimester. Early intervention is key to help treat postpartum depression.
Postpartum Anxiety: When Worry Won’t Turn Off
Some worry is normal—but if racing thoughts, chest tightness, or a sense of dread stick around for weeks, you may be dealing with postpartum anxiety (PPA). Roughly 1 in 10 new parents develop PPA, often alongside intrusive “worst‑case‑scenario” images. March of Dimes outlines how to spot and treat PPA.
Common red‑flag signs
Constant, looping fears about your baby’s safety
Difficulty sleeping even when the baby sleeps
Physical symptoms like rapid heartbeat, nausea, or dizziness
Avoiding car rides, visitors, or leaving the house
Physical changes after childbirth, such as hormonal shifts and biological adjustments, can contribute to anxiety and other mental health problems during the postpartum period.
Another related condition is postpartum obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which involves persistent, unwanted thoughts or urges (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) performed to ease anxiety. New mothers with postpartum OCD may experience intrusive fears about harming their baby or doubts about whether they have properly cared for their child. These thoughts are distressing and not reflective of the mother's true intentions. Recognizing postpartum OCD is important because, like other anxiety disorders, it responds well to specialized therapies and, in some cases, medication.
If these symptoms sound familiar, know that PPA responds well to therapy, medication, or a mix of both. ACOG offers an overview of perinatal anxiety disorders and evidence‑based treatments.
Mood Disorders and Bipolar Disorder: Beyond Depression and Anxiety
While postpartum depression and anxiety are the most commonly discussed mental health conditions after giving birth, other mood disorders can also affect pregnant and postpartum women. One important example is bipolar disorder, a condition marked by intense mood swings that range from manic highs—feeling unusually energetic or irritable—to depressive lows, with symptoms similar to major depression.
For postpartum women with a personal or family history of bipolar disorder, the postpartum period brings an increased risk of developing postpartum psychosis. This rare but serious mental health emergency can include hallucinations, paranoia, or severe confusion, and requires immediate medical attention. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5), bipolar disorder can first appear or worsen during the postpartum period, making it crucial for women and their families to be aware of warning signs.
Treatment for bipolar disorder and other mood disorders during this time may involve a combination of mood stabilizers, antipsychotic medications, and talk therapy. If you or someone you love has a family history of mood disorders or has experienced severe mood swings in the past, it’s important to share this information with your mental health provider. Early recognition and proper treatment can help ensure the safety and well-being of both mother and baby.
Pregnancy Counseling: Build Your Support Plan Before Birth
You don’t have to wait until baby arrives to seek help. Prenatal counseling can help parents prepare emotionally for the child's birth and address mental health challenges that may arise during this period. Prenatal counseling can:
Process fears around labor and delivery
Screen for mood symptoms early
Screen for prenatal depression, including its symptoms and risk factors
Create a postpartum wellness plan listing coping tools and emergency contacts
Strengthen communication with partners and support networks
The American Psychological Association notes that parents with a history of anxiety or depression benefit most when they start care during pregnancy.
Evidence‑Based Therapies That Help
At Baltimore Therapy Group, our perinatal specialists draw from gold‑standard approaches:
Cognitive‑Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to reframe anxious thoughts
Acceptance and Commitment techniques for values‑based action
Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) to navigate role transitions
Antidepressant treatment (such as SSRIs like sertraline, or newer options like brexanolone and zuranolone) as a pharmacological option for postpartum depression, with careful consideration of safety during breastfeeding
Medication consults and coordination with OB‑GYNs regarding psychiatric medications when needed
For additional support, the Johns Hopkins Perinatal Mood Disorders Clinic is a trusted Baltimore resource we collaborate with regularly. (hopkinsmedicine.org) Working with a mental health professional is essential for accurate diagnosis and developing an effective treatment plan.
The Impact of Maternal Mental Health on Child Health
Maternal mental health doesn’t just affect mothers—it has a profound impact on child health as well. Research suggests that when postpartum depression or other mental health conditions go untreated, children are at increased risk for emotional and behavioral problems, including depression and anxiety as they grow. Untreated postpartum depression can also affect a child’s cognitive and social development, and studies have linked it to physical health concerns like lower birth weight and premature birth.
Screening tools such as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) help identify women at risk of postnatal depression, allowing for early intervention. Access to mental health services, support groups, and—when appropriate—antidepressant medications can make a significant difference in both maternal and child outcomes. By prioritizing maternal mental health, healthcare providers and families can help prevent the negative effects of untreated depression and promote healthier, happier futures for both mothers and their children.
If you’re experiencing symptoms of postpartum depression or anxiety, reaching out for support is one of the best things you can do for yourself and your baby. Remember, you’re not alone, and help is available.
Baltimore‑Area Resources You Can Tap Today
Finding a village matters. Accessing postpartum care and health care resources is essential for new mothers to ensure both physical and mental well-being. Keep these local and national supports handy:
Postpartum Support International (PSI)– Maryland Chapter – volunteer coordinators, virtual support groups, and a confidential help line, with information on postpartum care services. Our periental experts are PSI trained.
B’more for Healthy Babies – community groups, breastfeeding support, and free parenting classes across Baltimore neighborhoods, plus connections to health care providers.
Johns Hopkins Women’s Mood Disorders Center – psychiatric consultations for complex cases, including medication management and referrals to health care professionals.
988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline – call or text 988 any time you feel unsafe with your thoughts. If you believe you may harm yourself or your baby, treat this as an emergency and dial 911.
Save these numbers in your phone, and share them with anyone on your postpartum support team.
What to Expect at Baltimore Therapy Group
Initial Phone Consult – We listen to your concerns, explain our approach, and match you with a perinatal‑trained clinician. This consult is available for women experiencing symptoms of postpartum depression or anxiety.
Initial Intake Session – We’ll review your health history, screen for depression and anxiety using tools like the EPDS and GAD‑7, and co‑create a personalized care plan.
Ongoing Therapy – Weekly or bi‑weekly sessions, in‑person in Towson or via secure telehealth anywhere in Maryland. We coordinate with your OB‑GYN, midwife, or psychiatrist as needed.
Ready to Feel Like Yourself Again?
You deserve support that’s grounded in science and delivered with compassion. Book your first appointment in under five minutes via our online scheduler or call (443)451-5122. Let’s work together so you—and your family—can thrive through pregnancy and the first year and beyond.
Frequently Asked Questions About Postpartum Depression
What are the common symptoms of postpartum depression?
Signs and symptoms of postpartum depression often include extreme sadness, mood swings, irritability, changes in appetite and sleep patterns, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and difficulty bonding with the baby. These signs and symptoms persist beyond the typical postpartum blues and can interfere with daily functioning.
Postpartum depression is a type of postpartum mood disorder, which is an umbrella term that includes various mental health conditions following childbirth. In some cases, postpartum depression can present as severe depression, requiring specialized treatment and intervention.
How is postpartum depression different from postpartum baby blues?
Postpartum baby blues are mild, short-lived mood changes that usually resolve within two weeks after childbirth. In contrast, postpartum depression (sometimes spelled 'post partum depression') is a more severe mood disorder with symptoms that last longer and significantly impact a mother’s mental health and daily life.
What are the risk factors for developing postpartum depression?
A significant risk factor for postpartum depression is a personal or family history of depression or other psychiatric disorders, along with hormonal changes during the postpartum period, lack of social support, stressful life events, and complications during childbirth. Research suggests that individuals exposed to these risk factors are more likely to develop postpartum depression.
How is postpartum depression diagnosed?
Healthcare providers often use depression screening tools such as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to assess symptoms. Diagnosis is based on the presence of a major depressive episode that persists for at least two weeks and interferes with daily functioning, as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.
What treatments are available for postpartum depression?
Treatment options include talk therapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy, antidepressant treatment, psychiatric medications, and support groups. Proper treatment with these interventions can effectively treat postpartum depression and usually leads to significant improvement in symptoms.
Can fathers experience postpartum depression?
Yes, paternal postpartum depression is recognized as a mood disorder affecting new fathers, and it can occur around the time of the child's birth, with symptoms similar to those experienced by postpartum women. It can impact father-infant bonding and family dynamics, and it is important for fathers to seek mental health support if needed.
Why is early screening for postpartum depression important?
Early screening allows for timely identification and treatment, which can improve outcomes for both the mother and child. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends early screening for postpartum depression to help ensure prompt intervention and support. Untreated postpartum depression can lead to emotional and behavioral problems in children and increase risks to maternal mental health.
Where can I find mental health support for postpartum depression?
Mental health support can be accessed through health care providers, specialized mental health professionals such as psychiatrists, psychologists, or social workers, support groups like Postpartum Support International, online resources like Postpartum Progress, and community resources. Consulting a mental health professional is important for proper diagnosis and treatment. Seeking help early through health care providers is crucial for effective management of postpartum mood disorders.Why Postpartum Mental Health Matters
Pregnancy changes everything—your schedule, your sleep, and sometimes your mood. Postpartum mental health is a crucial part of overall health, and about 1 in 8 new mothers experience depressive symptoms after childbirth. This isn’t a character flaw; it’s a common, treatable medical condition. If you’re struggling, know that help is close by here in Baltimore. Addressing postpartum mental health is important not only for mothers but also for the baby's health.
What Are Perinatal Mood & Anxiety Disorders (PMADs)?
The perinatal period spans pregnancy through the first 12 months postpartum. During this window, some parents develop Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders, or PMADs, and may develop postpartum depression as one of the most common outcomes. PMADs are a group of mental disorders that can occur during the perinatal period. These include:
Depression (persistent sadness, loss of interest, guilt), also known as peripartum depression or postpartum depression
Anxiety and panic attacks (racing thoughts, shortness of breath)
Obsessive–Compulsive symptoms (intrusive, disturbing thoughts)
Post‑traumatic stress tied to childbirth complications
Bipolar disorder or, rarely, postpartum psychosis
Left untreated, PMADs can affect bonding, sleep, and even long‑term child development. These conditions are serious mental illnesses that require attention. The good news? Early screening and evidence‑based care make a big difference. Learn more in this NIMH overview of perinatal depression.
Postpartum Depression: More Than the “Baby Blues”
Feeling tearful in the first week or two is common—that’s the baby blues, and it usually fades on its own. Postpartum depression (PPD) lasts longer and feels heavier. The signs and symptoms of postpartum depression include:
Depressed mood most of the day
Loss of pleasure in favorite activities
Changes in appetite, sleep, or energy
Irritability or unexplained anger
Thoughts of harming yourself or feeling your baby might be better off without you
When these symptoms meet certain criteria, postpartum depression is classified as a major depressive episode.
Hormonal shifts, past mental‑health history, birth complications, and a lack of social support are each a risk factor for developing postpartum depression. These risk factors also contribute to maternal depression more broadly. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends routine depression screening because early treatment works—see their full postpartum depression guidelines.
Global perspective: The World Health Organization reports that up to 13 percent of women worldwide face depression after giving birth—highlighting that PMADs cross cultures and income levels.
Ready for relief? In the next section, we’ll look closely at postpartum anxiety and how pregnancy counseling can set you up for a healthier fourth trimester. Early intervention is key to help treat postpartum depression.
Postpartum Anxiety: When Worry Won’t Turn Off
Some worry is normal—but if racing thoughts, chest tightness, or a sense of dread stick around for weeks, you may be dealing with postpartum anxiety (PPA). Roughly 1 in 10 new parents develop PPA, often alongside intrusive “worst‑case‑scenario” images. March of Dimes outlines how to spot and treat PPA.
Common red‑flag signs
Constant, looping fears about your baby’s safety
Difficulty sleeping even when the baby sleeps
Physical symptoms like rapid heartbeat, nausea, or dizziness
Avoiding car rides, visitors, or leaving the house
Physical changes after childbirth, such as hormonal shifts and biological adjustments, can contribute to anxiety and other mental health problems during the postpartum period.
Another related condition is postpartum obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which involves persistent, unwanted thoughts or urges (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) performed to ease anxiety. New mothers with postpartum OCD may experience intrusive fears about harming their baby or doubts about whether they have properly cared for their child. These thoughts are distressing and not reflective of the mother's true intentions. Recognizing postpartum OCD is important because, like other anxiety disorders, it responds well to specialized therapies and, in some cases, medication.
If these symptoms sound familiar, know that PPA responds well to therapy, medication, or a mix of both. ACOG offers an overview of perinatal anxiety disorders and evidence‑based treatments.
Mood Disorders and Bipolar Disorder: Beyond Depression and Anxiety
While postpartum depression and anxiety are the most commonly discussed mental health conditions after giving birth, other mood disorders can also affect pregnant and postpartum women. One important example is bipolar disorder, a condition marked by intense mood swings that range from manic highs—feeling unusually energetic or irritable—to depressive lows, with symptoms similar to major depression.
For postpartum women with a personal or family history of bipolar disorder, the postpartum period brings an increased risk of developing postpartum psychosis. This rare but serious mental health emergency can include hallucinations, paranoia, or severe confusion, and requires immediate medical attention. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5), bipolar disorder can first appear or worsen during the postpartum period, making it crucial for women and their families to be aware of warning signs.
Treatment for bipolar disorder and other mood disorders during this time may involve a combination of mood stabilizers, antipsychotic medications, and talk therapy. If you or someone you love has a family history of mood disorders or has experienced severe mood swings in the past, it’s important to share this information with your mental health provider. Early recognition and proper treatment can help ensure the safety and well-being of both mother and baby.
Pregnancy Counseling: Build Your Support Plan Before Birth
You don’t have to wait until baby arrives to seek help. Prenatal counseling can help parents prepare emotionally for the child's birth and address mental health challenges that may arise during this period. Prenatal counseling can:
Process fears around labor and delivery
Screen for mood symptoms early
Screen for prenatal depression, including its symptoms and risk factors
Create a postpartum wellness plan listing coping tools and emergency contacts
Strengthen communication with partners and support networks
The American Psychological Association notes that parents with a history of anxiety or depression benefit most when they start care during pregnancy.
Evidence‑Based Therapies That Help
At Baltimore Therapy Group, our perinatal specialists draw from gold‑standard approaches:
Cognitive‑Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to reframe anxious thoughts
Acceptance and Commitment techniques for values‑based action
Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) to navigate role transitions
Antidepressant treatment (such as SSRIs like sertraline, or newer options like brexanolone and zuranolone) as a pharmacological option for postpartum depression, with careful consideration of safety during breastfeeding
Medication consults and coordination with OB‑GYNs regarding psychiatric medications when needed
For additional support, the Johns Hopkins Perinatal Mood Disorders Clinic is a trusted Baltimore resource we collaborate with regularly. (hopkinsmedicine.org) Working with a mental health professional is essential for accurate diagnosis and developing an effective treatment plan.
The Impact of Maternal Mental Health on Child Health
Maternal mental health doesn’t just affect mothers—it has a profound impact on child health as well. Research suggests that when postpartum depression or other mental health conditions go untreated, children are at increased risk for emotional and behavioral problems, including depression and anxiety as they grow. Untreated postpartum depression can also affect a child’s cognitive and social development, and studies have linked it to physical health concerns like lower birth weight and premature birth.
Screening tools such as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) help identify women at risk of postnatal depression, allowing for early intervention. Access to mental health services, support groups, and—when appropriate—antidepressant medications can make a significant difference in both maternal and child outcomes. By prioritizing maternal mental health, healthcare providers and families can help prevent the negative effects of untreated depression and promote healthier, happier futures for both mothers and their children.
If you’re experiencing symptoms of postpartum depression or anxiety, reaching out for support is one of the best things you can do for yourself and your baby. Remember, you’re not alone, and help is available.
Baltimore‑Area Resources You Can Tap Today
Finding a village matters. Accessing postpartum care and health care resources is essential for new mothers to ensure both physical and mental well-being. Keep these local and national supports handy:
Postpartum Support International (PSI)– Maryland Chapter – volunteer coordinators, virtual support groups, and a confidential help line, with information on postpartum care services. Our periental experts are PSI trained.
B’more for Healthy Babies – community groups, breastfeeding support, and free parenting classes across Baltimore neighborhoods, plus connections to health care providers.
Johns Hopkins Women’s Mood Disorders Center – psychiatric consultations for complex cases, including medication management and referrals to health care professionals.
988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline – call or text 988 any time you feel unsafe with your thoughts. If you believe you may harm yourself or your baby, treat this as an emergency and dial 911.
Save these numbers in your phone, and share them with anyone on your postpartum support team.
What to Expect at Baltimore Therapy Group
Initial Phone Consult – We listen to your concerns, explain our approach, and match you with a perinatal‑trained clinician. This consult is available for women experiencing symptoms of postpartum depression or anxiety.
Initial Intake Session – We’ll review your health history, screen for depression and anxiety using tools like the EPDS and GAD‑7, and co‑create a personalized care plan.
Ongoing Therapy – Weekly or bi‑weekly sessions, in‑person in Towson or via secure telehealth anywhere in Maryland. We coordinate with your OB‑GYN, midwife, or psychiatrist as needed.
Ready to Feel Like Yourself Again?
You deserve support that’s grounded in science and delivered with compassion. Book your first appointment in under five minutes via our online scheduler or call (443)451-5122. Let’s work together so you—and your family—can thrive through pregnancy and the first year and beyond.
Frequently Asked Questions About Postpartum Depression
What are the common symptoms of postpartum depression?
Signs and symptoms of postpartum depression often include extreme sadness, mood swings, irritability, changes in appetite and sleep patterns, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, and difficulty bonding with the baby. These signs and symptoms persist beyond the typical postpartum blues and can interfere with daily functioning.
Postpartum depression is a type of postpartum mood disorder, which is an umbrella term that includes various mental health conditions following childbirth. In some cases, postpartum depression can present as severe depression, requiring specialized treatment and intervention.
How is postpartum depression different from postpartum baby blues?
Postpartum baby blues are mild, short-lived mood changes that usually resolve within two weeks after childbirth. In contrast, postpartum depression (sometimes spelled 'post partum depression') is a more severe mood disorder with symptoms that last longer and significantly impact a mother’s mental health and daily life.
What are the risk factors for developing postpartum depression?
A significant risk factor for postpartum depression is a personal or family history of depression or other psychiatric disorders, along with hormonal changes during the postpartum period, lack of social support, stressful life events, and complications during childbirth. Research suggests that individuals exposed to these risk factors are more likely to develop postpartum depression.
How is postpartum depression diagnosed?
Healthcare providers often use depression screening tools such as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to assess symptoms. Diagnosis is based on the presence of a major depressive episode that persists for at least two weeks and interferes with daily functioning, as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.
What treatments are available for postpartum depression?
Treatment options include talk therapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy, antidepressant treatment, psychiatric medications, and support groups. Proper treatment with these interventions can effectively treat postpartum depression and usually leads to significant improvement in symptoms.
Can fathers experience postpartum depression?
Yes, paternal postpartum depression is recognized as a mood disorder affecting new fathers, and it can occur around the time of the child's birth, with symptoms similar to those experienced by postpartum women. It can impact father-infant bonding and family dynamics, and it is important for fathers to seek mental health support if needed.
Why is early screening for postpartum depression important?
Early screening allows for timely identification and treatment, which can improve outcomes for both the mother and child. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends early screening for postpartum depression to help ensure prompt intervention and support. Untreated postpartum depression can lead to emotional and behavioral problems in children and increase risks to maternal mental health.
Where can I find mental health support for postpartum depression?
Mental health support can be accessed through health care providers, specialized mental health professionals such as psychiatrists, psychologists, or social workers, support groups like Postpartum Support International, online resources like Postpartum Progress, and community resources. Consulting a mental health professional is important for proper diagnosis and treatment. Seeking help early through health care providers is crucial for effective management of postpartum mood disorders.